Difference between CONNECT and CONTINUE

Connect : Use if the SCP modifies the b-party number. For example, ported numbers, short codes, etc.

Continue : Use if the SCP does not modify the b-party number.

http://www.telecomspace.com/forum/ss7/connect-and-continue 

USSD Call FLow

There are two types of USSD
--

1. Network Initiated - Push Mode 
2. User Initiated - Pull Mode

USSD Message Types for each types

• Network Initiated
• USSR - Unstructured Supplementary Service Request - First message initiated by the network to the subscriber
• USSR ACK - Unstructured Supplementary Service Request ACK - Contains the subscribers response to the USSR
• USSN - Unstructured Supplementary Service Notify - This message is sent by the gateway to the subscriber.
• User Initiated
• PSSR - Process Unstructured Supplementary Service Request - First message from the subscriber to the network. The response for this message is a USSR from the network.
• PSSR ACK - Process Unstructured Supplementary Service Request ACK - This message is sent by GW to the subscriber

User Initiated USSD Call Flow

MS                    VLR                    HLR                    USSD GW

------ *123------->

                              ------->PSSR----->

                                                            ------PSSR---------->

                                                            <------USSN---------

                              <------USSN------->

<------Text-------

                              ------USSN ACK-->

                                                             ----- USSN ACK--->

                                                             <--- PSSN ACK -----

                              <---- PSSN ACK----

UM Interface - MOC and SMS Call Setup

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um_interface#Mobile-Originating_Call_.28MOC.29_establishment

Difference between VoIP and SIP

VoIP : Voice over IP
VoIP is a technology to send the voice over packer network. This technology enables sending and receiving calls over internet.

SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
SIP is an application layer protocol used to establish, modify and terminate multimedia sessions. It is the protocol used in VoIP. In addition to establish, modify and terminate, SIP can also generate CDRs (Call Detail Records) for billing purpose.

What is OSS and BSS?

Good video from Ericsson

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMduQ96N1F8

SOA - Service Oriented Architeture

SOA Framework

SOA architecture is viewed as five horizontal layers:-

1. Consumer Interface Layer - These are GUI for end users or apps accessing apps/service interfaces.
2. Business Process Layer - These are choreographed services representing business use-cases in terms of applications.
3. Services - Services are consolidated together for whole enterprise in service inventory.
4. Service Components - The components used to build the services, like functional and technical libraries, technological interfaces etc.
5. Operational Systems - This layer contains the data models, enterprise data repository, technological platforms etc.

Besides the above five, there are four vertical layers also in SOA architecture, Each of these vertical layers are applied to and supported by each of horizontal layers:-

1. Integration Layer - Each of horizontal layer supports to provide the highest level of integration. It starts with platform integration (protocols support), data integration, service integration, application integration, leading to enterprise application integration supporting B2B and B2C with great effectiveness.
2. Quality of Service - Security, availability, performance etc. constitute the quality of service which are configured based on required SLAs, OLAs. Each of horizontal layer supports to provide the required quality of service.
3. Informational - Each horizontal supports to provide business information.
4. Governance - IT strategy is governed to each horizontal layer to achieve required operating and capability model.

In a SOA approach, the vertical layers are state-of art architectural concepts which make SOA highly sophisticated when compared to the old approach of Object-oriented design, procedural design etc

Advantages

1. Interoperability
2. Increased reuse
3. More agile business processes
4. Improved visibility
5. Reduced maintenance costs
6. Compliance and governance

Reference:

https://collaboration.opengroup.org/projects/soa-book/pages.php?action=show&CALLER=index.tpl&ggid=1334

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E14571_01/integration.1111/e10223/index.htm

MAP User Error Parameter values

User Error	Value
MAPUE_unknown_subscriber	1
MAPUE_unknown_MSC	3
MAPUE_unidentified_subscriber	5
MAPUE_absentsubscriber_SM	6
MAPUE_unknown_equipment	7
MAPUE_roaming_not_allowed	8
MAPUE_illegal_subscriber	9
MAPUE_bearer_service_not_provisioned	10
MAPUE_teleservice_not_provisioned	11
MAPUE_illegal_equipment	12
MAPUE_call_barred	13
MAPUE_forwarding_violation	14
MAPUE_cug_reject	15
MAPUE_illegal_ss_operation	16
MAPUE_ss_error_status	17
MAPUE_ss_not_available	18
MAPUE_ss_subscription_violation	19
MAPUE_ss_incompatibility	20
MAPUE_facility_not_supported	21
MAPUE_pw_registration_failure	23
MAPUE_negative_pw_check	24
MAPUE_no_handover_number_available	25
MAPUE_subsequent_handover_failure	26
MAPUE_absent_subscriber	27
MAPUE_subscriber_busy_for_MT_SMS	31
MAPUE_SM_delivery_failure	32
MAPUE_message_waiting_list_full	33
MAPUE_system_failure	34
MAPUE_data_missing	35
MAPUE_unexpected_data_value	36
MAPUE_resource_limitation	37
MAPUE_initiating_release	38
MAPUE_no_roaming_number_available	39
MAPUE_tracing_buffer_full	40
MAPUE_number_of_pw_attempts_violation	43
MAPUE_number_changed	44
MAPUE_busy_subscriber	45
MAPUE_no_subscriber_reply	46
MAPUE_forwarding_failed	47
MAPUE_or_not_allowed	48
MAPUE_ATI_not_allowed	49
MAPUE_unauthorised_requesting_network	52
MAPUE_unauthorised_LCS_client	53
MAPUE_position_method_failure	54
MAPUE_unknown_or_unreachable_LCS_client	58
MAPUE_mm_event_not_supported	59
MAPUE_atsi_not_allowed	60
MAPUE_atm_not_allowed	61
MAPUE_information_not_available	62
MAPUE_unknown_alphabet	71
MAPUE_ussd_busy	72

https://cs.fit.edu/code/svn/cse2410f13team7/wireshark/asn1/gsm_map/MAP-Errors.asn